EE308FZ — Slides Overview (ch17-19) Note 4

ch17 Software testing strategies
ch18 Testing conventional application
ch19 Testing obiect-oriented application
Note4 本章对应例题

ch17 Software testing strategies

17-1 software error types

Algorithm error
Precision error 精度错误
Documentation error
Pressure error 压力错误
Throughput error 吞吐量错误
Recovery error 恢复错误
Timing error (coordination error) 计时错误
Hardware and system software errors

Verification: A series of activities to ensure that software correctly implements specified functions

验证 (verification) ：确保软件正确实现特定功能的一系列活动

Validation: A series of activities that ensure that developed software is traceable to user requirements, in part to evaluate the usefulness or effectiveness of a software product

确认 (validation) ：确保开发的软件可追溯到用户需求的一系列活动，某种程度上是评价软件产品的有用或有效性

Testing is an important part of verification and validation activities.

螺旋模型：

17-3 Test Strategies for Conventional Software

17-3-1 Unit testing 单元测试

接口
局部数据结构
独立路径
错误处理路径
边界条件

单元测试：指对软件中的最小可测试单元进行检查和验证。

Refers to the inspection and verification of the smallest testable unit in the software.

什么是测试用例？是为某个特殊目标而编制的一组测试输入、执行条件以及预期结果，以便测试某个程序路径是否满足某个特定需求。

Compile and run the program
Static test
Dynamic testing

17-3-2 Integration Testing 集成测试

功能正确性 Functional correctness
接口正确 Interface
系统性能 System performance

先单元测试，后集成测试

One-Step testing 一步到位
Top-down testing 自顶向下
Bottom-up testing 自底向上
Combination approach (sanwich) 组合方法-三明治法

自顶向下测试

可能要编写很多桩程序 stub programs
主控模块错误可能发现得比较早

自底向上测试

要写驱动程序 driver module
The main control module error is found relatively late

Top-down vs. bottom-up

17-3-3 Regression Testing 回归测试

A test strategy to ensure that the original function is normal when the program is modified.

This approach takes a top-down approach to testing the modified module and its submodules;
Then treat this part as a subsystem and test it bottom-up.

17-3-4 Smoke Testing 烟幕测试

Smoke testing is a commonly used integration testing method, designed as a time-critical project stepping mechanism, allowing software teams to evaluate their software projects frequently.

Improve the quality of the final product
Simplify error diagnosis and correction
Easy to assess progress.

17-4 Integration Testing in an Object-Oriented Environment

Thread-based testing 基于线程的测试

对响应系统的一个输入或事件所需的一组类进行集成
每个线程单独地集成和测试
应用回归测试以确保没有产生副作用

Use-based testing 基于使用的测试

通过测试很少使用服务类的那些类(称为独立类)开始构造系统
独立类测试完后，利用独立类测试下一层次的类 (称之为依赖类)
继续依赖类的测试直到完成整个系统

17-5 Validation Testing 确认测试

确认测试开始于集成测试的结束。

Alpha Testing vs. Beta Testing

17-6 系统测试 System Testing

Recovery test
Safety test
Pressure test
Performance test
Deployment test 部署测试

系统测试实际上是对整个基于计算机的系统进行一系列不同考验的测试。虽然每个测试都有不同的目的，但所有测试都是为了验证系统成分已正确地集成在一起且完成了指派的功能。

17-7 The Art of Debugging (调试)

ch18 Testing conventional application

18-1 Software Testing Fundamentals (Testable software)

Operability 可操作性
Observability 可观察性
Controllability 可控制性
Decomposability 可分解性
Simplicity 简单性
Stability 稳定性
Understandability 易理解性

18-2 Internal and External Views of Testing

18-3 Black-Box & White-Box Testing

Black box testing

Tests are performed at the software interface to check the functional aspects of the system without knowing the internal structure of the software.
不需要了解软件的内部结构